Ngo-1998, isazi saseJapane u-Akiu et al. i-arbutin ekhishwe futhi ehlukanisiwe emaqabunga e-bearberry futhi yathola into engakwazi ukufeza imiphumela emhlophe. Inemiphumela ehlukahlukene yemithi efana ne-anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antitussive, expectorant, ne-antiasthmatic. , futhi iyisivimbeli se-tyrosinase kuma-melanocyte abantu, ngakho ngokushesha yaba isithandwa embonini yokwenza mhlophe.
I-Arbutin, eyaziwa nangokuthii-arbutin , i-p-hydroxyphenyl-D-glucopyranoside ngamakhemikhali futhi isesimweni samakristalu amhlophe njengenaliti noma impushana. Incibilika kalula emanzini ashisayo, i-methanol, i-ethanol ne-aqueous solutions ye-propylene glycol ne-glycerol, kodwa ayincibiliki ku-ether, i-chloroform, i-petroleum ether nezinye izincibilikisi. Ifomula yamangqamuzana ithi C12H16O7, futhi ukwakheka kwayo imi kanje:
I-Arbutin iyi-molecule eyakhiwe ngamaqembu e-organic akhiwa amaqembu e-polyvalent hydroxyl. Isixazululo esinamanzi asinambala futhi sisobala, ngakho sinokuhambisana okuhle futhi singasetshenziswa kalula njengesengezo kumakhilimu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inezinto ezinhle zokuthambisa, isebenziseka kalula ngezimonyo, inesikhumba esithambile nesikhululekile, futhi inomuzwa omhlophe nohlanzekile kancane ngemva kokuyifafaza. Lezi zici zinqunywa ukwakheka kwe-polyhydroxyl glycosides.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-arbutin inomphumela oyingqayizivele wokuvimbela ku-melanin.
I-Melanin iyisithako se-pigment esimnyama esingadala umbala wesikhumba. Yakhiwa yi-oxidation ye-tyrosine ngokusebenzisa i-tyrosinase. Singabheka i-tyrosinase njenge-enzyme eyinhloko enciphisa izinga lokukhiqizwa kwe-melanin esikhumbeni. Umsebenzi we-tyrosine unquma inani le-melanin elakhiwe.
Indlela yokuvimbela umsebenzi we-catalytic we-tyrosinase kungenye yezinkomba zocwaningo ezibalulekile embonini yokwenza mhlophe. Ama-agent endabuko amhlophe njenge-hydroquinone (1,4-hydroquinone) anganqanda ngempumelelo umsebenzi we-tyrosinase futhi abe nomthelela othile wokukhipha umbala esikhumbeni. Nokho, ukusetshenziswa kwangaphandle kungabangela ukusabela okucasulayo futhi kungabangela kalula ukulunywa kwesikhumba, ukuluma, nokuxebuka. Izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba ezifana ne-dandruff kanye ne-erythema zingase zidale nokulimala unomphela, ngakho-ke ukusetshenziswa kwayo emtholampilo kungaphansi kwemikhawulo ethile.
Isakhiwo se-arbutin siyefana nese-hydroquinone. Ukwakheka kwayo kune-molecule ye-glucose eyodwa kune-hydroquinone, okuyenza izinze futhi ivumelane nesikhumba. Ingase futhi ivimbele ngempumelelo umsebenzi we-tyrosinase nokukhiqizwa kwe-melanin. , chat kuphela ingasusa amabala, kodwa futhi inemiphumela ethile ebulala amagciwane kanye ne-anti-inflammatory.
Ine-cytotoxicity ephansi futhi iphephile futhi ayinabo ubuthi esikhumbeni. Ingavimbela ngokuphumelelayo umsebenzi we-tyrosinase futhi ivimbele ukwakheka kwama-melanocyte. Ingakwazi futhi ukuhlangana ngokuqondile ne-tyrosinase ukusheshisa ukubola kwe-melanin. kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi ukuze kuncishiswe ukufakwa kwe-melanin esikhumbeni, ngakho-ke i-arbutin iyinhlanganisela efanelekile abantu abayifunayo.
Ngokwezakhiwo ezahlukene, i-arbutin ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-α-arbutin, β-arbutin kanye ne-deoxyarbutin (D-arbutin).
Njengoba i-α-arbutin itholakala ngokuyinhloko ngokuguqulwa kwezinto eziphilayo kanye ne-enzymatic synthesis, kanye nesilinganiso sokukhiqiza silinganiselwe, iningi le-arbutin okwamanje emakethe lithi β-arbutin, kodwa umphumela wokuba mhlophe muhle kuphela njenge-α-arbutin. Ingxenye yeshumi nanhlanu.
Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi kufanelekile ukwengeza u-3% we-arbutin ezimonyoni, okusebenza ngo-90% ekudambiseni amafreckles, amabala ovemvane namadiphozithi e-melanin.
Kokubili i-α-arbutin kanye ne-β-arbutin ayincibiliki emanzini, futhi uhlaka lwe-lecithin olunezingqimba ezimbili lwe-epidermal cell membrane lusiza kakhulu ukumuncwa kwezakhi ezincibilikayo ngamafutha, ngakho-ke i-deoxyarbutin yaba khona.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-12-2024
