Indlela yokukhipha izitshalo zemvelo
Le ndlela ikakhulukazi isebenzisa amaqabunga ezitshalo ohlobo lwe-Ursi njengezinto zokusetshenziswa, futhi isebenzisa isizinda se-solvent ephilayo, isizinda, ikholomu chromatography nezinye izindlela zokuhlukanisa nezindlela zokuhlanza ukuze bathole.i-arbutin khipha. Emuva ngo-1930, kwabikwa ukuthii-arbutin iqukethwe emaqabunga eklabishi ledwala. Ucwaningo olwalandela luye lwaqinisekisa ukuthi i-arbutin iyatholakala futhi emaqabunga esihlahla serayisi esimnyama, i-bilberry, i-bearberry kanye nesihlahla sepheya. ama-glycosides.
Njengoba okuqukethwe kwe-arbutin ezitshalweni kuphansi kakhulu, inqubo yokukhipha iyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ukuhlanzeka kokukhishwa akuphakeme, ngakho-ke ngokuthuthukiswa kwezinye izindlela zokulungiselela, indlela yokukhipha izitshalo kancane kancane ilahlekelwe inzuzo yayo yokuncintisana.
Isiko lezicubu zezitshalo
Indlela yesiko lezicubu zezitshalo isebenzisa ikhono le-glycosylation lamaseli ezitshalo ukuguqula i-hydroquinone ibe i-arbutin. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zokukhipha izitshalo, ukusebenza kahle kokuthola i-arbutin usebenzisa izindlela zesiko lezicubu zezitshalo kuphezulu kakhulu. Lapho usebenzisa le ndlela, ukukhetha indlela ephumelelayo yesiko lezicubu zezitshalo nokunquma izimo ezifanele zesiko kubalulekile.
T Izinto zokusetshenziswa ezisetshenziswa endleleni yesiko lezicubu zezitshalo zihlanzekile, izinga lokuguqulwa liphezulu, futhi ukukhiqizwa akungcolisi. Kodwa-ke, umjikelezo wokukhiqiza mude, ukuhlukaniswa nokuhlanzwa kuyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni akukavuthwa. Ukuqonda okwengeziwe indlela yokukhula kwamangqamuzana ezitshalo, ukucacisa izici ezibalulekile ezithonya inqubo yokuhlanganisa, ukufinyeza umjikelezo wokukhiqiza, nokuthuthukisa isivuno yizindaba ezibalulekile ezidinga ukuxazululwa ekusetshenzisweni kwale ndlela.
Indlela ye-enzyme synthesis
Indlela yokwenziwa kwe-enzyme ikakhulukazi isebenzisa i-glycosyltransferase noma i-glycosidase njengesisusa sokugqugquzela ukudluliswa kwe-glycosyl futhi ihlehlise ukusabela kwe-hydrolysis ukuze kuhlanganiswe ama-glycoside, okungukuthi, i-arbutin itholakala ku-hydroquinone kanye ne-glucose ngaphansi kwe-catalysis ye-glycosidase.
Indlela yokuhlanganisa ama-enzyme inenqubo elula, ukusebenza kahle kokuhlanganiswa okuphezulu, kanye namathemba entuthuko anethemba elikhulu. Ngokucwaninga okujulile ngale ndlela eminyakeni yamuva nje, kuye kwatholakala ama-zymogens afaneleka kakhulu, futhi izinga lokuhlanganiswa kwe-arbutin nalo liya ngokuya likhuphuka. Kukholakala ukuthi le ndlela izoba ngenye yezinkomba zocwaningo eziyinhloko zokwenziwa kwe-arbutin esikhathini esizayo. eyodwa.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwamakhemikhali
Ngokuvamile, ukuhlanganiswa kwamakhemikhali e-arbutin kusebenzisa i-glucose ne-hydroquinone njengezinto zokusetshenziswa. Ngemva kokuba bobabili bevikelwe ngokufanelekile, babhekana nokusabela kwe-glycosidation bese besusa iqembu elivikelayo. Indlela yokuhlanganisa amakhemikhali isiphenduke indlela ebaluleke kakhulu yokulungiselela i-arbutin ngenxa yezinzuzo zayo zekhwalithi engcono yokwenziwa komkhiqizo kanye nezindleko zokukhiqiza eziphansi, futhi isizuze ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni ekhaya naphesheya.
Njengamanje, e-China, i-glucose ye-anhydrous isetshenziswa njengempahla eluhlaza, futhib -arbutin ikhiqizwa ngokuvikelwa kwe-acylation, i-catalytic condensation, ne-alkaline hydrolysis. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe be-synthesis, eminyakeni yamuva nje, izinyathelo zokwenziwa kwasekhaya kwe-arbutin zenziwe zaba lula kancane kancane, izinga lokuhlanganisa liye lathuthukiswa ngokuqhubekayo, futhi ikhwalithi ifinyelele ezingeni eliphezulu lamazwe ngamazwe. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokungakhethi kahle komkhiqizo ekuhlanganiseni kwamakhemikhali, kusadingeka ucwaningo olunzulu ukuze kutholwe indlela esebenza kahle neqondile yokuhlanganisa amakhemikhali yokulungiselela.a-arbutin.
Ukuphepha kwe-arbutin
Ngenxa yokuthi i-hydroquinone inomthelela wokuvimbela i-tyrosinase, yasetshenziswa ezimonyoni zakuqala ezilwa nokuqubuka kanye nezenza zibe mhlophe ukunciphisa ukumila kwesikhumba. Ucwaningo lwakamuva lwathola ukuthi i-hydroquinone isengozini yokudala i-ochronosis yangaphandle kanye ne-vitiligo, kanye nokuzwela kanye ne-carcinogenesis. Izingozi ezingaba khona, ifakwe ohlwini njengengxenye evinjelwe yezimonyo ezweni lami. I-Arbutin futhi iyi-tyrosinase inhibitor futhi ithatha indawo ye-hydroquinone. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifana nenani eliphansi le-pH, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, nemisebe ye-ultraviolet, i-arbutin ingase iguqulwe ibe i-hydroquinone ngaphansi kwesenzo samagciwane esikhumba noma i-glucosidase, okuholela ezingozini ezingaba khona zokuzwela, i-genotoxicity, noma i-carcinogenesis. Ngakho-ke, ucwaningo lwezokuphepha lwe-arbutin luhlale luheha ukunaka kwemboni.
NgoFebhuwari 2023, i-SCCS yakhipha umbono wayo wokugcina mayelana nokuphepha kwea-arbutin futhib-arbutin kuzimonyo (SCCS/1642/22), ngeziphetho ezilandelayo
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